時間：2015-01-22 15:18來源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯公司 作者：民航翻譯 點擊：次
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To view this page ensure that Adobe Flash Player version 9.0.124 or greater is installed. (8) A procedure for an entry in the maintenance records that shows the date, airport, and reasons for each discontinued Category II operation because of a malfunction of a listed instrument or item of equipment. (g) Bench check. A bench check required by this section shall comply with this paragraph. (1) Except as specified in paragraph (g)(2) of this subsection, it shall be performed by a certificated repair station holding one of the following ratings as appropriate to the equipment checked: (i) An instrument rating (ii) An avionics rating (2) It shall be performed by a certificated air operator on aircraft identified in its approved specific operating provisions with the approved authorisations to perform maintenance and approve for return to service its own aircraft maintained under a continuous maintenance programme under an equivalent system identified in Part 9. (3) It shall consist of removal of an instrument or item of equipment and performance of the following: (i) A visual inspection for cleanliness, impending failure, and the need for lubrication, repair, or replacement of parts; (ii) Correction of items found by that visual inspection; and (iii) Calibration to at least the manufacturer's specifications unless otherwise specified in the approved Category II manual for the aircraft in which the instrument or item of equipment is installed. (h) Extensions. After the completion of one maintenance cycle of 12 calendar months, a request to extend the period for checks, tests, and inspections is approved if it is shown that the performance of particular equipment justifies the requested extension. 14 CFR: Appendix A, Part 91 IS: 7.4.1.3 REDUCED VERTICAL SEPARATION MINIMUM—ALTIMETRY SYSTEM PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR OPERATIONS IN RVSM AIRSPACE (a) In respect of groups of aeroplanes that are nominally of identical design and build with respect to all details that could influence the accuracy of height-keeping performance, the height-keeping performance capability shall be such that the total vertical error (TVE) for the group of aeroplanes shall have a mean no greater than 25 m (80 ft) in magnitude and shall have a standard deviation no greater than 28 – 0.013z2 for 0 ≤ z ≤ 25 when z is the magnitude of the mean TVE in metres, or 92 – 0.004z2 for 0 ≤ z ≤ 80 where z is in feet. In addition, the components of TVE shall have the following characteristics: (1) the mean altimetry system error (ASE) of the group shall not exceed 25 m (80 ft) in magnitude; (2) the sum of the absolute value of the mean ASE and of three standard deviations of ASE shall not exceed 75 m (245 ft); and (3) the differences between cleared flight level and the indicated pressure altitude actually flown shall be symmetric about a mean of 0 m, with a standard deviation no greater than 13.3 m (43.7 ft), and in addition, the decrease in the frequency of differences with increasing difference magnitude shall be at least exponential. (b) In respect of aeroplanes for which the characteristics of the airframe and altimetry system fit are unique and so cannot be classified as belonging to a group of aeroplanes encompassed by paragraph 1, the height-keeping performance capability shall be such that the components of the TVE of the aeroplane have the following characteristics: (1) the ASE of the aeroplane shall not exceed 60 m (200 ft) in magnitude under all flight conditions; and (2) the differences between the cleared flight level and the indicated pressure altitude actually flown shall be symmetric about a mean of 0 m, with a standard deviation no greater than 13.3 m (43.7 ft), and in addition, the decrease in the frequency of differences with increasing difference magnitude shall be at least exponential. ICAO Annex 6, Part I, Appendix 4 ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Appendix 2.2 IS: 7.8.1.4 CONTINUED SERVICEABILITY AND INSPECTION OF FLIGHT RECORDER SYSTEMS (a) The operator shall, prior to the first flight of the day, monitor the built-in test features for the flight recorders and flight data acquisition unit (FDAU), when installed, by monitored by manual and/or automatic checks. (b) The operator shall carry out annual inspections as follows: (1) an analysis of the recorded data from the flight recorders shall ensure that the recorder operates correctly for the nominal duration of the recording; (2) the analysis of the FDR shall evaluate the quality of the recorded data to determine if the bit error rate (including those errors introduced by recorder, the acquisition unit, the source of the data on the aeroplane and by the tools used to extract the data from the recorder) is within acceptable limits and to determine the nature and distribution of the errors; (3) a complete flight from the FDR shall be examined in engineering units to evaluate the validity of all recorded parameters. Particular attention shall be given to parameters from sensors dedicated to the FDR. Parameters taken from the aircraft’s electrical bus system need not be checked if their serviceability can be detected by other aircraft systems; (4) the readout facility shall have the necessary software to accurately convert the recorded values to engineering units and to determine the status of discrete signals; (5) an annual examination of the recorded signal on the CVR shall be carried out by replay of the CVR recording. While installed in the aircraft, the CVR shall record test signals from each aircraft source and from relevant external sources to ensure that all required signals meet intelligibility standards; (6) where practicable, during the annual examination, a sample of in-flight recordings of the CVR shall be examined for evidence that the intelligibility of the signal is acceptable; and (7) an annual examination of the recorded images on the AIR shall be carried out by replay of the AIR recording. While installed in the aircraft, the AIR shall record test images from each aircraft source and from relevant external sources to ensure that all required images meet recording quality standards. (c) Flight recorder systems shall be considered unserviceable if there is a significant period of poor quality data, unintelligible signals, or if one or more of the mandatory parameters is not recorded correctly. (d) The operator shall make available a report of the annual inspection on request to [the regulatory authorities] for monitoring purposes. (1) Calibration of the FDR system: for those parameters which have sensors dedicated only to the FDR and are not checked by other means, recalibration shall be carried out at least every five years or in accordance with the recommendations of the sensor manufacturer to determine any discrepancies in the engineering conversion routines for the mandatory parameters and to ensure that parameters are being recorded within the calibration tolerances; and (2) when the parameters of altitude and airspeed are provided by sensors that are dedicated to the FDR system, there shall be a recalibration performed as recommended by the sensor manufacturer, or at least every two years. ICAO Annex 6, Part I: Appendix 8, paragraph 7; 7.1; 7.2; 7.3; 7.4; 7.5 ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Appendix 2.3, paragraph 7; 7.1; 7.2; 7.3; 7.4; 7.5 ICAO Annex 6, Part III, Appendix 5: paragraph 6, 6.1; 6.2; 6.3; 6.4 ;6.5 IS: 7.8.2.1(A) FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS—TYPE AND PARAMETERS - AEROPLANE (a) Flight data recorders shall be classified as Type I, Type IA, Type II and Type IIA depending upon the number of parameters to be recorded and the duration required for retention of the recorded information. (1) Type IA FDR. This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the 78 parameters in Table A. (2) Type I FDR. This FDR shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the first 32 parameters in Table A. (3) Types II and IIA FDRs. These FDRs shall be capable of recording, as appropriate to the aeroplane, at least the first 16 parameters in Table A. Note This (the number 16) is from ICAO Annex I, Part 6, Appendix 8: 2.2.2.8. ICAO Annex 6, Part II, Appendix 2.3: 2.2.2.8 says a Type II FDR shall be capable of recording at least the first 15 parameters. (b) Parameters – General. . (1) The parameters that satisfy the requirements for FDRs are listed in the paragraphs below. (2) The number of parameters to be recorded shall depend on aeroplane complexity. (3) The parameters without an asterisk (*) are mandatory parameters which shall be recorded regardless of aeroplane complexity. (4) In addition, the parameters designated by an asterisk (*) shall be recorded if an information data source for the parameter is used by aeroplane systems or the flight crew to operate the aeroplane. (5) However, other parameters may be substituted with due regard to the aeroplane type and the characteristics of the recording equipment. (c) Parameter – Flight Path and Speed. The following parameters satisfy the requirements for flight path and speed: (1) Pressure altitude (2) Indicated or calibrated airspeed. (3) Air-ground status and each landing gear air-ground sensor when practicable. (4) Total or outside air temperature. (5) Heading (primary flight crew reference) (6) Normal acceleration (7) Lateral acceleration. (8) Longitudinal acceleration (body axis). (9) Time or relative time count, (10) Navigation data*: drift angle, wind speed, wind direction, latitude/longitude. (11) Groundspeed*. (12) Radio altitude*. (d) Parameters – Altitude. The following parameters satisfy the requirements for altitude: (1) Pitch attitude. (2) Roll attitude. (3) Yaw or sideslip angle*. (4) Angle of attack* (e) Parameters – Engine Power. The following parameters satisfy the requirements for engine power: |
