直升機飛行員手冊直升機操作手冊 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook

時間：2011-04-05 11:37來源：藍天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點擊：次

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Upslope drops should be avoided as much as possible, and only be attempted by experienced crews, especially on low targets, as you will need more airspeed than normal to create a pull-up to clear the area with the load if necessary, without using extra power. Aside from trying to do a 180-degree pedal turn in a high hover out of ground effect, the resulting high power setting will likely fan the flames, as with a hover drop. It helps if you have a drop off place to one side, and approach with some airspeed, so you can climb with the cyclic, and turn one way or the other with the least power, depending on which way round your blades are going.
With downslope drops, you will not necessarily see the target until you clear the ridge, so you will need targets to line up on beforehand. For very steep slopes, try reducing speed before diving off the ridge, so you don’t end up going too fast. Cross-slope drops are OK, provided you remember where your rotor disk is. With North American blade rotation, keep downhill slopes on your right, so if the bucket doesn't open or you run out of power, you can drop the collective, put the nose down and be able to use the right pedal to take the strain off the tail rotor. Always approach at a 45°, unless you have a bit of height.
In order not to make embarrassing mistakes, like dropping water in the wrong place, you need to be aware that some fires are deliberately set (see below), to make use of airflow, as in “backfiring”, and there may well be someone around with a driptorch attached to their machine to do it with.
After the excitement is over, and the fire comes under control, typical tasks will be moving men and materials around, putting out hotspots, IR scanning, recovering equipment and generally tidying up.
Aerial Ignition
The waste product from the activities of slashers, who cut down trees and undergrowth is, not surprisingly, called Slash. The forestry people would normally like this to rot naturally, but many farmers disagree and burn it instead. Because it is both extensive and inaccessible, helicopters are used to set the whole lot on fire, but only in temperatures above freezing, and below 45 kts, from somewhere between 150-300 feet. This technique may also be used when fighting forest fires:
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Temporarily knocking down large smoke columns so Air Tankers can see where they’re going, by igniting strips of forest within about 10-30 metres of, and parallel to, an active flame front, which starves it of oxygen. Depending on fuel types, temperature, dewpoint, wind velocity, etc. this can last up to around 20 minutes.

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Prevention. Forests can be torched around priority areas, such as towns or gas plants to get rid of anything that might burn later in the fire season.

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Back burning, when a rapidly advancing fire is moving towards a cut line, or natural fire break, like a creek, although this could also be done on initial attack. Parallel strips ignited between the fire front and the intended firebreak will

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